Dynamic Self-Determination of Self-Care and Positive Deviance Model for Stunting Prevention in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the dynamic self-determination of self-care (DSDoSC) and positive deviance (PD) models in changing stunting prevention behavior. Material and Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a sample of 90 mothers taken by purposive sampling. Thirty mothers were given the DSDoSC intervention, 30 were given the PD intervention, and another 30 were in the control group. This research was conducted in July - October 2019. The variables studied were feeding behavior, nurturing behavior, personal hygiene behavior, environmental cleanliness and air sanitation, and behavior seeking health services. To analyze the difference in mother behaviour before and after test, we used Paired t-test. Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the difference of mother behaviour among groups. The level of significance was p<0.05. Results: The PWD group showed that eating behavior, parenting behavior, personal hygiene behavior, environmental hygiene and water sanitation, and behavior seeking health services had significant numbers. In the DSDoSC group, eating behavior, parenting behavior, environmental hygiene, water sanitation and health service-seeking behavior were significantly (p<0.05). The results of the Manova test showed that there was an effect of PD and DSDoSC on stunting prevention behavior. Conclusion: Self-dynamic for self-care model and the positive deviance model both can change a mother's behavior for the better in feeding, parenting, environmental hygiene, and water sanitation, seeking health services, but not changing behavior about personal hygiene behavior.

Stability of lactoferrin and lysozyme in human milk at various temperatures and duration of storage

@#Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding, especially in the first six months, is essential for infants as it provides nutrition and protection against various diseases. Colostrum, which is found in the first breast milk produced, contains various protective factors, such as lactoferrin and lysozyme. Human milk can be stored at room temperature, refrigerated, or kept frozen. Several factors affect the stability of the bioactive content in human milk, such as temperature and storage time. The aim of this study was to measure the stability of lactoferrin and lysozyme levels in human milk during the first six hours (h) at different temperatures and compare it with that of frozen human milk. Methods: Human milk samples were obtained from 11 breastfeeding mothers using certain criteria. The human milk was stored at room temperature and 4°C for 1, 3, and 6 h and classified as never frozen, while frozen human milk was stored at -20°C for 1, 3, and 6 days. Measurement of the lactoferrin and lysozyme levels was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The results showed that storage at room temperature significantly reduced lactoferrin and lysozyme levels. Lactoferrin levels in frozen human milk did not significantly decrease during the first six days. Meanwhile, the lysozyme levels in frozen human milk decreased significantly. Conclusion: The levels of lactoferrin and lysozyme in frozen human milk stored for the first six days were more stable than those stored at room temperature and 4°C in the first 6 h.